As the complexities of supply chain operations continue to evolve, the multi-distribution center (DC) network remains a critical component for businesses aiming to meet growing demands for speed, reliability, and scalability. However, this approach comes with inherent challenges, particularly regarding out-of-zone shipments — goods shipped from a location that is not geographically optimized for their destination. 

These inefficiencies drive up transportation costs, extend delivery times, and hinder resource allocation. Beyond the immediate financial implications, they can erode customer satisfaction and disrupt the operational cohesion of the supply chain. Addressing the root causes of out-of-zone shipments is essential for businesses seeking to optimize their logistics networks and maintain a competitive edge. 

 The root causes of out-of-zone shipments 

  Out-of-zone shipments often stem from three interrelated factors that disrupt operational efficiency: 

  1. Inventory imbalances

A frequent issue in multi-DC networks, inventory imbalances occur when stock levels across warehouses fail to align with regional demand. These misalignments force companies to ship products from suboptimal locations, driving up costs and extending lead times. 

  1. Demand fluctuations

Sudden shifts in customer demand—whether due to seasonal patterns, market trends, or external disruptions—can outpace inventory planning. To maintain fulfillment rates, businesses often resort to shipping from less advantageous locations, amplifying logistics inefficiencies. 

  1. Forecasting errors

Inaccurate demand forecasting is a primary driver of supply chain inefficiencies. When forecasts underestimate or overestimate demand, inventory placement suffers, leading to a higher volume of out-of-zone shipments to bridge the gap between supply and need. 

Why out-of-zone shipments persist  

The decision to ship from a less-than-optimal DC is rarely arbitrary. It is often driven by external pressures and operational constraints: 

On-time, in-full (OTIF) compliance  

Many large retailers have strict requirements for On Time and In Full (OTIF) shipments in order to reduce their receiving burden. OTIF requirements impose strict penalties for late or incomplete deliveries, making timely fulfillment a non-negotiable priority. In many cases, shipping from a suboptimal DC becomes necessary to avoid these penalties, even if it increases transportation costs. 

Customer expectations for service levels 

In an era of rapid delivery expectations, businesses cannot afford to compromise on service times. Long delivery windows caused by stockouts or delays can have lasting effects on customer satisfaction and loyalty, necessitating faster shipments regardless of geographic inefficiencies. 

A high-level approach to addressing out-of-zone shipments 

Addressing out-of-zone shipments requires a recursive data-driven approach backed by company leadership and often a dedicated resource. Advanced analytics tools can also help identify out of zone shipments and their root causes. A very high-level approach to addressing OOZ shipments is as follows: 

  1. Identify the out-of-zone shipments: 
  2. Data collection and analysis: Start by aggregating shipment data from your logistics and inventory management systems. This data should include details like shipment origins, destinations, costs, transit times, and instances of OOZ shipments. 
  3. Define the appropriate zones: Use transportation costs and zip code data to define the most cost effective route to each zip code in the US.  
  4. Root cause analysis: Use data mining techniques to dig deeper into the causes of OOZ shipments, such as incorrect inventory placement, demand forecasting errors, or system overrides by personnel. 
  5. Implement or realign the “default warehouse” for all customers: 
  6. Customer segmentation: Analyze the geographic distribution of your customers and segment them based on proximity to your existing distribution centers. 
  7. System integration: Ensure that changes in default warehouse assignments are seamlessly integrated into your order processing and transportation management systems to reduce manual errors. 
  8. Setup a process for future customers: 
  9. Onboarding protocols: Develop a standardized onboarding process for new customers that includes the assessment of their optimal default warehouse based on location and expected order patterns. 
  10. Feedback loop: Establish a feedback loop to regularly review and update customer assignments based on actual order history and changes in their business requirements or your distribution network. 
  11. Stakeholder alignment: Ensure that all relevant departments (sales, logistics, customer service) are aligned and aware of the processes for assigning and revisiting default warehouse settings for customers. 

How Argon & Co can support your logistics optimization

Argon & Co specializes in solving complex supply chain challenges, including the persistent issue of out-of-zone shipments. We offer state-of-the art analytics tools as well as a wealth of experience in solving difficult transportation and supply chain problems for our clients. Reach out to me to see if we can help your organization. 

Evan Skrobot

[email protected]

Navigating out-of-zone shipments: a strategic approach to logistics efficiency 

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